Q Questions In what ways, if any, does the rise and fall of the Pan-Arab movement and the emergence of political Islam demonstrate that the Eastern Question (discussed in Lesson 02) was alive and well? How did it change or not change? Explain your reasoning. In your opinion, which has been the more unifying force in the contemporary Middle East: Islam or secular nationalism? Which has been the more divisive force? Explain your reasoning. If you can, point to specific examples.